United States Oil Fund (NYSEArca: USO) som följer priset på West Texas Intermediate crude oljeterminer har stigit med cirka 12 procent under det fjärde kvartalet 2017. Det har hjälpt oljepriset och de börshandlade produkter som replikerar oljepriset att stänga året positivt efter flera års nedgångar. Vad kan få oljepriset att röra sig under 2018?
OPEC, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, arbetar för att sänka sina medlemsländers produktion. Det som stör är att den amerikanska shaleoljeproduktionen är ett kvarvarande orosmoment. Trots detta har neddragningar i de amerikanska oljelagren gett ett stöd till nuvarande nivåer på oljepriset. Det är en av de många saker som oljeinvesterare måste ta hänsyn till inför 2018.
Shaleoljeproduktionen kommer att öka
Det råder ingen tvekan om att den amerikanska skifferoljeproduktionen kommer att fortsätta att öka. Osäkerheten råder istället kring omfattningen av denna tillväxt. Förväntningarna har fluktuerat under 2017. I början av året hade organisationer som EIA och IEA mycket positiva förutsägelser för skifferproduktion, där EIA förväntade sig att produktionen i USA skulle bli 10 miljoner fat per dag 2018.
Saudiarabien är den största producenten och kingpin i Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). OPEC är fortfarande oroad över produktionsnivån hos de amerikanska skifferproducenterna och kartellen uppmanar sina amerikanska rivaler att para ut produktionen till stödpriser. Enligt Energy Information Administration kan råoljeproduktionen nå upp till 9,9 miljoner fat per dag 2018, vilket överstiger den tidigare toppen som uppnåddes 1970 på 9,6 miljoner fat per dag.
Produktionsnedskärningsplaner från OPEC
Den nuvarande OPEC-överenskommelsen med produktionsnedskärningsplaner ligger kvar över sitt historiska medelvärde. Det tar vanligen mellan två och tre kvartal för lagren att normaliseras efter nedskärningarna. Även om efterfrågan ännu inte har hunnit i kapp utbudet, skulle återhämtningar i ekonomier i Europa och en stabil ekonomisk tillväxt i USA kunna leda till mer uppåtsättning för olja nästa år.
Den stora frågan är hållbarheten av hög överensstämmelse under 2018. En oljemarknad som balanserar för snabbt kan leda att OPEC-medlemmarna överger sina löften om de blir frestade av högre oljepriser, så det gäller att se upp om oljepriset att röra sig.
Ryssland har signalerat att det är angeläget att överge avtalet så snart lagren går tillbaka till genomsnittliga nivåer. Flipsidan är också sant – en brant prisnedgång kan locka medlemmarna till att fuska eftersom de blir desperata efter mer intäkter. Men det är bara spekulation. För närvarande ser det ut som om efterlevnaden av OPECs överenskommelse är bra.
Forties disruption: the perfect excuse for others to expand oil production
A crack in the Forties Pipeline System in the UK North Sea has sent the price of Brent up 1.5% to US$65.70/bbl as the pipeline needs to be closed until repaired. We see this event lending short-term support to Brent oil, but headwinds for oil prices remain in the medium-term. Forties disruption.
The Forties Pipeline System operated by INEOS carries over 40% of UK’s North Sea oil from over 80 offshore fields to refinery facilities onshore. Its capacity of 450,000 barrels per day represents a large proportion of UK production, but only a small portion of the 96 million barrels of global output. Nevertheless, it still accounts for more oil than Gabon and Equatorial Guinea’s (two of OPEC’s smaller members) combined production. Moreover, Forties oil is the largest source of oil in the Brent Benchmark. With Brent widely seen as the global benchmark for oil prices, the impact of a relatively small disruption could have large global consequences (most likely pushing up the price of close substitutes).
The length of the disruption is uncertain
The length of the disruption is uncertain, but could last several weeks. As a result the price-support from this event is likely to be transitory.
US production and exports are expanding strongly in the high price environment of recent weeks and this latest catalyst could push production even higher. Rig counts in the US have been rising for the past eight weeks and crude oil production has risen over the past seven weeks to a level not seen since the early 1970s. We expect US production to continue to hit fresh all-time highs as we head into 2018. The expansion of US oil production will weigh on global prices.
The spread between the US benchmark
At the moment the spread between the US benchmark, West Texan Intermediate, and Brenthas widened to the highest level since 2015 when the US had pipeline problems that created a glut in US crude that couldn’t be processed quickly enough. Back in 2015 a wide spread persisted because the US did not allow oil exports to most countries. In December 2015 the rules changed and the US can now export substantial amounts of oil. We expect the availability of US oil to temper gains in the Brent benchmark.
The latest OPEC/non-OPEC deal to curb production until the end of 2018 has a fatal ‘get-out’ clause: the deal will be reviewed in June 2018. The clause likely came as a result of the insistence of Russia and other non-OPEC countries who don’t require such high oil prices to balance their government budgets. This week the U.A.E. and Kuwait have made it clear that they will push for discussion of some sort of exit strategy in June if the market is no longer over-supplied. OPEC’s price support could thus end prematurely.
We thus see the Forties disruption as a short-term price support, with plenty of headwinds to come in the medium term.
Nitesh Shah, Research Analyst at ETF Securities
Niteshis a Commodities Strategist at ETF Securities. Nitesh has 13 years of experience as an economist and strategist, covering a wide range of markets and asset classes. Prior to joining ETF Securities, Nitesh was an economist covering the European structured finance markets at Moody’s Investors Service and was a member of Moody’s global macroeconomics team. Before that he was an economist at the Pension Protection Fund and an equity strategist at Decision Economics. He started his career at HSBC Investment Bank. Nitesh holds a Bachelor of Science in Economics from the London School of Economics and a Master of Arts in International Economics and Finance from Brandeis University (USA).
Energisektorn väntar fortfarande på återhämtningen
Det ser fortfarande inte ljust ut för energiaktierna. Energisektorn väntar fortfarande på återhämtningen och i dag lyser momentumvärdet med sin frånvaro. Eftr att under året återhämtat sig så har Energy Select Sector SPDR (NYSEArca: XLE), den största av börshandlade fonder tillägnad energiaktier, åter fallit. Andelarna handlas lägre än vid årsskiftet.
Medan många oljemarknadsobservatörer fokuserar på OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) som en viktig marknadsstyrka, fortsätter amerikanska skifferpriserna att vara en potentiell hinder för olja. Nuvarande OPEC-överensstämmelse med produktionsnedskärningsplaner ligger kvar över deras historiska medelvärde, och det tar vanligtvis mellan två och tre kvartalet för oljelagren att normaliseras efter nedskärningarna.
Optionsmarknadens aktivitet indikerar att oljehandlarna är beredda att köpa olja runt 40 per fat och sälja den till 50 USD per fat. Denna aktivitet har varit på plats under mycket av det här året och kommer att fortsätta att vara ett tema framåt.
Det understryker den typ av scenarion som krossat oljat i år, en som gör det svårt för ETFer som XLEatt leverera en trovärdig värdeutveckling om investerarna säljer olja när det flörtar med 50 dollar per fat. Vissa enskilda energinamn har fortfarande anständiga utdelningar, har förändrat sitt beteende baserat på årets fluktuationer i oljepriset.
Medan amerikanska skifferproducenter tidigare fortsatt att pumpa upp billiga olja har industrin nyligen sett ett uppsving efter minskningar av kapitalutgifterna. Detta tyder på att de fortfarande låga oljepriset tar en vägtull. Låga oljepriser leder också till spekulation om kreditnedskrivningar för vissa prospekterings- och produktionsföretag som redan har skräpkreditbetyg.
Den som tror på en nedgång i oljeprisetkan titta på inverterade ETFer. En av dessa är till exempel Direxion Daily Energy Bear 1x Shares (NYSEArca: ERYY). Denna börshandlade fond ger den omvända dagliga utvecklingen av Energy Select Sector SPDR (NYSEArca: XLE). ProShares Short Oil & Gas (NYSEArca: DDG) försöker reflektera den omvända eller -100% dagliga prestandan i Dow Jones US Oil & Gas Index.
Geopolitical tensions see investors look to gold as a safehaven, with 3rd consecutive week of inflows. President Trump’s recent ‘fire and fury’ comments about the simmering tension over the North Korean nuclear situation have sparked gold to life. The gold price has rallied over 2% as investors have flocked to the metal as a portfolio hedge against risk. Certainly, with the spike in the VIX and the decline in global equity markets since the escalation in geopolitical risk, such portfolio rotation towards more defensive investments have been justified.
Long USD inflows reach the highest level in 18 months, totalling US$27.4mn. Investors appear to be indicating that the case for tighter US policy is more justified than for other major developed economies: the UK is beset by Brexit related fears, while the Eurozone and Japanese inflation pressure is almost non-existent. Meanwhile USD futures market positioning has slumped to the lowest levels in over three years – since May 2014. The inflows for the USD ETPs have been broadly split between the British Pound, the Japanese Yen and the Chinese Renminbi.
Oil ETP outflows continue for 4th consecutive week on OPEC output cutback doubts. Investors have withdrawn US$64.6mn from long oil ETPs – the fourth consecutive week of outflows – as crude prices have rebounded nearly 7% over the past week. Oil has certainly lost its lustre for investors, despite a strong stock withdrawal from the US and continued rhetoric from the International Energy Agency about demand being set to recover in the second half of the year, in turn rebalancing the global oil market. With peak seasonal demand coming close to an end and OPEC’s meeting in Abu Dhabi – forecast by some to provide a dressing down to poorly complying members – being a non-event, investors feel that the prices are reaching a near-term peak. We continue to expect that oil is likely to remain rangebound between US$40-55/bbl.
Platinum group metals buck the precious metals trend, with outflows totalling US$12.4mn. The ‘other’ precious metals have largely industrial applications and therefore have little perception as safehaven assets. After strong gains, particularly in palladium, investors have begun to take profits. Palladium’s first outflows in five weeks comes after 33% run up over 2017, which appears somewhat divorced from fundamentals. Futures market positioning, nonetheless, remains near multi-year highs.
For more information contact
ETF Securities Research team
ETF Securities (UK) Limited
T +44 (0) 207 448 4336
E info@etfsecurities.com
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Såväl råolja som de börshandlade fonder som investerar i olja kan komma att utvecklas positivt i takt med att den globala ekonomin återhämtar sig. Samtidigt ser vi hur ett stigande inflationstryck och insatser har bidragit till att minska utbudsöverskottet. Även detta är faktorer som kan komma att stärka oljepriset. Vi ser emellertid en ny värdedrivare för oljepriset.
Fortsatt robust efterfrågan på olja
Den förväntade ekonomiska miljön bedöms förbli densamma, det vill säga stödjande för energisektorn under kommande år.
Efterfrågan på olja förblir robust och drivs av ytterligare återhämtning av den globala tillväxten tillsammans med att inflationstrycket medan insatser för att minska den globala försörjningsgluten pågår, säger Maxwell Gold, direktör för investeringsstrategi för ETF Securities, i en forskningsrapport. ”Dessa förändringar på utbudssidan kan komma att påverka några av de traditionella drivkrafterna för energiavkastning, inklusive US-dollarn (USD), räntor och kurvstruktur.”
Till att börja med kommer den negativa korrelationen mellan den amerikanska dollarn och energipriserna at minska eftersom USA växer mer och blir mer självförsörjande på energi genom ökad skifferoljeproduktion. USD beter sig nu mer som traditionella råvaror.
Contangots negativa effekter på olje futures marknaden minskar
Contangots negativa effekter på olje futures marknaden minskar och kan till och med röra sig mot backwardation. Maxwell hävdade att graden av contango har minskat sedan oljepriset bottnade ut 2016. Om den globala försörjningen sänks i högre takt och oljelagret fortsätter att se neddragningar, kan marknaden gå vidare till backwardation och få tillbaka sitt fokus. Även detta kan komma att öka som olje- och energiavkastningen.
Medan OPEC har gått mot att minska produktionen, förblir förväntningarna på fortsatt amerikansk skifferproduktion en avskräckande faktor. Trots att de senaste amerikanska inventeringarna, som vid produktionsuppehållstillstånd, kunde stödja nuvarande prisnivåen fortsätter skifferproduktion att öka.
Investerare som är intresserade av att få exponering för råoljemarknaden kan titta på den nyligen lanserade ETFS Bloomberg Energy Commodity Longer Dated Strategy K-1 Free ETF (NYSEArca: BEF). BEF försöker ge långsiktig kapitaltillskott utformat för att överträffa resultatet av Bloomberg Energy Index 3 Months Forward Index, som spårar rörelser i priserna på rullande positioner i en korg med futures på olika energiprodukter med en löptid mellan 4 och 6 månader.
